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The Maratha Confederacy, [a] also referred to as the Maratha Empire, [12] [13] [14] was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent Maratha states [ 15 ] [ 16 ] often subordinate to the former.
The Maratha rulers, from the early 17th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Maratha Empire on the Indian subcontinent. [1] [note 1] It was established by the Chhatrapati (the Maratha king) in 1670s. Starting in 1720s, the Peshwa were
The term Maratha referred broadly to all the speakers of the Marathi language. [33] [3] In the 17th century, it also served as a designation for peasants from the Deccan Plateau who served as soldiers in the armies of Muslim rulers and later in the armies of Shivaji. Thus, the term Maratha became a marker of an endogamous caste for them. [34]
The Marathi people form an ethnolinguistic group that is distinct from others in terms of its language, history, cultural and religious practices, social structure, literature, and art. [93] The traditional caste hierarchy was headed by the Brahmin castes-the Deshasthas, Chitpavans, Karhades, Saraswats, and the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus. [94]
During much of the 18th century, the Peshwas, belonging to the Deshmukh Marathi Chitpavan Brahmin family, controlled the Maratha army and later became the hereditary heads of the Maratha Empire from 1749 to 1818. [57] During their reign, the Maratha empire reached its zenith in 1760, dominating most of the Indian subcontinent.
The Maratha war of succession between Tara Bai and Shahu resulted in latter's victory and assumption of Maratha throne as Chhatrapati. In 1713, Shahu appointed Balaji Vishwanath (Bhat), as Peshwa. The appointment of Balaji's son, Baji Rao I, as Peshwa in 1719 by Shahu made the position hereditary in the Bhat family. Baji Rao proved his loyalty ...
Bakhar is a form of historical narrative written in Marathi prose. Bakhars are one of the earliest genres of medieval Marathi literature. [1] More than 200 bakhars were written in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, the most important of them chronicling the deeds of the Maratha ruler Shivaji.
The Maratha Clan System (also referred to as Shahannava Kuli Marathas, 96 Kuli Marathas) refers to the 96 Maratha clans. The clans together form the Maratha caste of India . These Marathas primarily reside in the Indian state of Maharashtra , with smaller regional populations in other states.