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The Zelinsky-Kummant gas mask was the world's first gas mask [1] which had the ability to absorb a wide range of chemical warfare agents. The gas mask was developed in 1915 by Russian chemist Nikolay Zelinsky and technologist of the Triangle plant M.I. Kummant. [2] The design was later improved by I. D. Avalov and entered mass production.
A World War I British P Helmet, c. 1915 Zelinsky–Kummant protivogaz, designed in 1915, was one of the first modern-type full-head protection gas masks with a detachable filter and eyelet glasses, shown here worn by U.S. Army soldier (USAWC photo) Indian muleteers and mule wearing gas masks, France, February 21, 1940 A Polish SzM-41M KF gas mask, used from the 1950s through to the 1980s
The works of Zelinsky and his scientific team on the adsorption of gases on activated carbons were important for the country's defense ability, the creation of a coal gas mask in cooperation with Kumant (1915) and its adoption during the First World War in the Russian and allied armies were significant for the country's defense ability. [7] [8]
The German troops encountered the first wave of Russian defenders as they launched a desperate counter-charge. These were the remnants of the 13th Company of the 226th Infantry Regiment—soldiers who had survived the initial gas attack. The Germans recoiled in horror at the sight of the advancing Russians, whose uniforms were bloodied.
In 1923, Hans von Seeckt pointed the way, by suggesting that German poison gas research move in the direction of delivery by aircraft in support of mobile warfare. Also in 1923, at the behest of the German army, poison gas expert Dr. Hugo Stoltzenberg negotiated with the USSR to build a huge chemical weapons plant at Trotsk, on the Volga river.
The M2 gas mask was a French-made gas mask used by French, British and American forces from April 1916 to August 1918 during World War I. [1] The M2 was fabricated in large quantities, with about 29,300,000 being made during the war. [ 2 ]
Last week Zelensky unexpectedly handed the Kremlin a small public relations win when, during a visit to Canada, he accidentally celebrated a Ukrainian national who fought for the Nazis in World ...
Interior of Majdanek gas chamber, showing Prussian blue residue . After World War II ended in 1945, Bruno Tesch and Karl Weinbacher of Tesch & Stabenow were tried in a British military court and executed for knowingly providing Zyklon B to the SS for use on humans. [49]