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The Soviet forces took control of East Prussia only in May 1945. [citation needed] According to the West German Schieder commission, the civilian population of East Prussia at the beginning of 1944 was 2,653,000 [2] people. This accounting, which was based on ration cards, included air raid evacuees from western Germany and foreign workers.
East Prussia [Note 1] was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.
Map of the Soviet Advance into East Prussia & Siege of Königsberg January 13 - May 9, 1945, archived from the original on 10 April 2006; Glantz, David M., The Soviet-German War 1941–45]: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay (PDF), pp. 84– 87, archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2011; Popov, Grigory (2020).
In contrast to the lands awarded to the restored Polish state by the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, the German territories lost with the post-World War II Potsdam Agreement were either almost exclusively inhabited by Germans before 1945 (the bulk of East Prussia, Lower Silesia, Farther Pomerania, and parts of Western Pomerania, Lusatia ...
German refugees and soldiers near Braunsberg (Braniewo) East Prussia, February 1945. The plans to evacuate the German speaking population westwards from part of the Eastern and Central Europe including from cities and towns in the Eastern Gaue of Nazi Germany were prepared by various Nazi authorities towards the end of the war.
Regierungsbezirk Allenstein was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, of the Prussian province of East Prussia from 1905 until 1945. The regional capital was Allenstein (present-day Olsztyn). The territory today is part of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
Map of the Soviet Advance into East Prussia & Siege of Königsberg January 13 - May 9, 1945 This shows clearly how Memel was already surrounded and besieged. Raus, E. Panzer Operations, Da Capo, 2005, ISBN 0-306-81409-9
Evacuation boats crossing the Baltic Sea. Operation Hannibal was a German naval operation involving the evacuation by sea of German troops and civilians from the Courland Pocket, East Prussia, West Prussia and Pomerania from mid-January to May 1945 as the Red Army advanced during the East Prussian and East Pomeranian Offensives and subsidiary operations.