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Hemolyses of Streptococcus spp. (left) α-hemolysis (S. mitis); (middle) β-hemolysis (S. pyogenes); (right) γ-hemolysis (non-hemolytic, S. salivarius) Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms.
Proteus species do not usually ferment lactose. Similar to other members of the Enterobacterales order, bacteria from the Proteus genus are glucose fermenting, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and nitrate-positive. Glucose fermentation in this species can be demonstrated through the triple sugar iron test.
The abbreviation for species is sp. (plural spp.) and is used after a generic epithet to indicate a species of that genus. Often used to denote a strain of a genus for which the species is not known either because the organism has not been described yet as a species or insufficient tests were conducted to identify it.
Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria. [2] It has a commensal relationship within the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as normal flora. [ 2 ] Although M. morganii has a wide distribution, it is considered an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection, and it is most often encountered in postoperative ...
The swarming capability of Proteus mirabilis is important because it is implicated in the pathogenesis of the bacteria and the swarming capability is associated with the bacteria's ability to express virulence factors [9] Proteus mirabilis has a very characteristic bulls-eye appearance on an agar plate due to the regular periodic cycling ...
The Proteus penneri group of bacteria was named in 1982. It reclassified a group of strains formerly known as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1. [6] In 1978, Brenner et al. showed through DNA hybridization studies that P. vulgaris was a heterogenous species. [7]
R2A agar, a nonspecific medium, imitates water, so is used for water analysis. Tryptic (trypticase) soy agar (TSA) is a general-purpose medium produced by enzymatic digestion of soybean meal and casein. It is frequently the base medium of other agar types; for example, blood agar plates are made by enriching TSA plates with blood.
Pseudomonas species also typically give a positive result to the oxidase test, the absence of gas formation from glucose, glucose is oxidised in oxidation/fermentation test using Hugh and Leifson O/F test, beta hemolytic (on blood agar), indole negative, methyl red negative, Voges–Proskauer test negative, and citrate positive. [citation needed]