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Thus the republicanism developed during the Renaissance is known as 'classical republicanism' because it relied on classical models. This terminology was developed by Zera Fink in the 1940s, [25] but some modern scholars, such as Brugger, consider it confuses the "classical republic" with the system of government used in the ancient world. [26 ...
For Strauss, political community is defined by convictions about justice and happiness rather than by sovereignty and force. A classical liberal, he repudiated the philosophy of John Locke as a bridge to 20th-century historicism and nihilism and instead defended liberal democracy as closer to the spirit of the classics than other modern regimes ...
Circumcision of Abraham's son Isaac. Regensburg Pentateuch, Israel Museum, Jerusalem (c. 1300). The Book of Genesis explains circumcision as a covenant with God given to Abraham, [24] In Judaism it "symbolizes the promise of lineage and fruitfulness of a great nation," [25] the "seal of ownership and the guarantee of relationship between peoples and their god."
The idea that America is "a republic, not a democracy" has been a recurring theme in American Republicanism since the early 20th century. It declared that not only is majoritarian "pure" democracy a form of tyranny (unjust and unstable) but that democracy, in general, is a distinct form of government from republicanism and that the United ...
Health services research (HSR) became a burgeoning field in North America in the 1960s, when scientific information and policy deliberation began to coalesce. [1] Sometimes also referred to as health systems research or health policy and systems research (HPSR), HSR is a multidisciplinary scientific field that examines how people get access to health care practitioners and health care services ...
Much of the historical debate around healthcare reform centered around single-payer healthcare, and particularly pointing to the hidden costs of treating the uninsured [310] while free-market advocates point to freedom of choice in purchasing health insurance [311] [312] [313] and unintended consequences of government intervention, citing the ...
Mixed government (or a mixed constitution) is a form of government that combines elements of democracy, aristocracy and monarchy, ostensibly making impossible their respective degenerations which are conceived in Aristotle's Politics as anarchy, oligarchy and tyranny.
His classical republican theory was extended in Doctrine of Right (1797), the first part of Metaphysics of Morals. [4] At the end of the 20th century Kant's political philosophy had been enjoying a remarkable renaissance in English-speaking countries with more major studies in a few years than had appeared in the preceding many decades.