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A proper (vertex) coloring of a graph is a coloring of the vertices of such that no two adjacent vertices have the same color. The minimum number of colors needed to properly color is called the chromatic number of , denoted (). Determining the chromatic number of specific graphs is a fundamental question in extremal graph theory, because many ...
The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any simple graph. The coloring produced uses at most Δ + 1 {\displaystyle \Delta +1} colors, where Δ {\displaystyle \Delta } is the maximum degree of the graph.
A Grundy coloring of a t-atom can be obtained by coloring the independent set first with the smallest-numbered color, and then coloring the remaining (t − 1)-atom with an additional t − 1 colors. For instance, the only 1-atom is a single vertex, and the only 2-atom is a single edge, but there are two possible 3-atoms: a triangle and a four ...
A 3-edge-coloring of the Desargues graph. In graph theory, a proper edge coloring of a graph is an assignment of "colors" to the edges of the graph so that no two incident edges have the same color. For example, the figure to the right shows an edge coloring of a graph by the colors red, blue, and green.
The choosability (or list colorability or list chromatic number) ch(G) of a graph G is the least number k such that G is k-choosable. More generally, for a function f assigning a positive integer f ( v ) to each vertex v , a graph G is f -choosable (or f -list-colorable ) if it has a list coloring no matter how one assigns a list of f ( v ...
A graph G is k-edge-choosable if every instance of list edge-coloring that has G as its underlying graph and that provides at least k allowed colors for each edge of G has a proper coloring. The edge choosability , or list edge colorability , list edge chromatic number , or list chromatic index , ch'( G ) of graph G is the least number k such ...
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The minimum number of colors needed for the incidence coloring of a graph G is known as the incidence chromatic number or incidence coloring number of G, represented by (). This notation was introduced by Jennifer J. Quinn Massey and Richard A. Brualdi in 1993.