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Kolb's learning style is explained on the basis of two dimensions: they are how a person understands and processes the information. This perceived information is then classified as concrete experience or abstract conceptualization, and processed information as active experimentation or reflective observation. [4]
Experiential learning can occur without a teacher and relates solely to the meaning-making process of the individual's direct experience. However, though the gaining of knowledge is an inherent process that occurs naturally, a genuine learning experience requires certain elements. [6]
In 1933 (based on work first published in 1910), John Dewey described five phases or aspects of reflective thought: In between, as states of thinking, are (1) suggestions, in which the mind leaps forward to a possible solution; (2) an intellectualization of the difficulty or perplexity that has been felt (directly experienced) into a problem to be solved, a question for which the answer must ...
In the early 1970s, Kolb and Ron Fry (now both at the Weatherhead School of Management) developed the Experiential Learning Model (ELM), [2] composed of four elements: concrete experience, observation of and reflection on that experience, formation of abstract concepts based upon the reflection, testing the new concepts, (repeat).
Assimilator = Abstract Conceptualization + Reflective Observation: strong in inductive reasoning and creation of theories (e.g., philosophers) Kolb's model gave rise to the Learning Style Inventory, an assessment method used to determine an individual's learning style.
The Association for Experiential Education regards experiential education as "a philosophy that informs many methodologies in which educators purposefully engage with learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to increase knowledge, develop skills, clarify values, and develop people's capacity to contribute to their ...
These theorists have proposed sensory and activity-based learning methods. It was Kolb and Fry who were able to develop a methodology for experiential learning that involves concrete experience, observation and reflection, forming abstract concepts, and testing in new situations. [4]
Later theorists include David Kolb, David Boud ("reflection in learning"), [3] and Donald Schön. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In a professional context, this is known as reflective practice , wherein the use of the reflective process allows a practitioner to understand their experiences differently and take action accordingly.