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Tardigrades (/ ˈ t ɑːr d ɪ ɡ r eɪ d z / ⓘ), [1] known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets, [2] are a phylum of eight-legged segmented micro-animals. They were first described by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, who called them Kleiner Wasserbär ' little water bear ' .
They can quickly revive when re-wetted. [1] mg = midgut; go = gonad; pb = pharyngeal bulb; mo = mouth; st = stylet. From the early 19th century, tardigrades' environmental tolerance has been a noted feature of the group. The animals are able to survive extremes of temperature, desiccation, impact, radiation, and exposure to the vacuum of space.
The tardigrade, or water bear, can undergo all five types of cryptobiosis. While in a cryptobiotic state, its metabolism reduces to less than 0.01% of what is normal, and its water content can drop to 1% of normal. [21] It can withstand extreme temperature, radiation, and pressure while in a cryptobiotic state. [22]
Tardigrades can withstand extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero [8] and high temperatures over 400 K. [9] In comparison, temperatures on the Moon range from 140 K at night to 400 K during the day. [10] They are also able to survive large doses of ionizing radiation and the vacuum of outer space. [9] [11] [3]
Tardigrades are microscopic creatures with "noodles for legs," as one expert describes it, but they manage to walk like insects.
Tardigrades, which are eight-legged micro-animals, are commonly referred to as water bears or moss piglets and are found all over the world in varying extreme habitats. First discovered in 1904 and originally named Hypsibius antarcticus, Acutuncus antarcticus is the most abundant tardigrade species in Antarctica. [1]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 January 2025. Miss Baker, a squirrel monkey, rode a Jupiter IRBM (scale model of rocket shown) into space in 1959. Landmarks for animals in space 1947: First animals in space (fruit flies) 1949: First primate and first mammal in space 1950: First mouse in space 1951: First dogs in space 1957: First ...
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