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The flow coefficient of a device is a relative measure of its efficiency at allowing fluid flow. It describes the relationship between the pressure drop across an orifice valve or other assembly and the corresponding flow rate. Mathematically the flow coefficient C v (or flow-capacity rating of valve) can be expressed as
Flow is considered to be laminar. The formula below is valid for a spool valve when the spool is steady. [1] Concentric spool/valve housing position i.e. the height/radial clearance c is the same all around: Units as per SI conventions : Flow Q i = (∆P · π · d · c 3) ÷ (12 · ν · ρ · L) where: Q = volumetric flow rate (m^3/sec)
A ball valve is a flow control device which uses a hollow, perforated, and pivoting ball to control fluid flowing through it. It is open when the hole through the middle of the ball is in line with the flow inlet, and closed when it is pivoted 90 degrees by the valve handle, blocking the flow. [1]
Balancing valves allow the measurement of differential pressures which can be used to calculate a flow. There are various balancing methods, but all involve measuring differential pressures and adjusting them to the correct value by calculating the flow which each one represents.
In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.
Certain valves are provided with an associated flow coefficient, commonly known as C v or K v. The flow coefficient relates pressure drop, flow rate, and specific gravity for a given valve. [10] Many empirical calculations exist for calculation of pressure drop, including: Darcy–Weisbach equation, to calculate pressure drop in a pipe