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Charoite (/ tʃ æ r oʊ. aɪ t / CHAR-ow-ait) is a rare silicate mineral with the chemical composition K(Ca,Na) 2 Si 4 O 10 (OH,F)•H 2 O, first described in 1978.It is named after the Chara River, despite its being 70 kilometres (43 mi) away from the discovery place.
Clarity grading in coloured gemstones is based on the eye-clean standard, that is, a gem is considered flawless if no inclusions are visible with the unaided eye (assuming 20/20 vision). [29] The Gemological Institute of America classifies tanzanite as a Type I gemstone, meaning it is normally eye-clean.
Amethyst was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglio engraved gems. [22] The ancient Greeks believed amethyst gems could prevent intoxication, [23] while medieval European soldiers wore amethyst amulets as protection in battle in the belief that amethysts heal people and keep them cool-headed.
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Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]
This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B
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