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In mathematics, a free module is a module that has a basis, that is, a generating set that is linearly independent. Every vector space is a free module, [ 1 ] but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there exist non-free modules.
f(X) = X n + a n−1 X n−1 + ⋯ + a 0 (where f is regarded as a polynomial in E(a 0, ..., a n−1), for some indeterminates a i, E is any field, and n ≥ 5). The tensor product of fields is not usually a field. For example, a finite extension F / E of degree n is a Galois extension if and only if there is an isomorphism of F-algebras F ⊗ ...
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers. [1]
Any involution is a bijection.. The identity map is a trivial example of an involution. Examples of nontrivial involutions include negation (x ↦ −x), reciprocation (x ↦ 1/x), and complex conjugation (z ↦ z) in arithmetic; reflection, half-turn rotation, and circle inversion in geometry; complementation in set theory; and reciprocal ciphers such as the ROT13 transformation and the ...
The third module, Hall of the Fire Giant King, is set in a volcanic region where King Snurre has assembled a horde of fire giants, trolls and hell hounds. A secret passage from this module leads deep into the earth, where the adventurers discover the true nature of the force behind the raids – the drow in the service of Lolth, the demoness.
In mathematics, an injective function (also known as injection, or one-to-one function [1]) is a function f that maps distinct elements of its domain to distinct elements of its codomain; that is, x 1 ≠ x 2 implies f(x 1) ≠ f(x 2) (equivalently by contraposition, f(x 1) = f(x 2) implies x 1 = x 2).
However, for negative exponents (especially −1), it nevertheless usually refers to the inverse function, e.g., tan −1 = arctan ≠ 1/tan. In some cases, when, for a given function f, the equation g ∘ g = f has a unique solution g, that function can be defined as the functional square root of f, then written as g = f 1/2.
In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil(x). [1]