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Xenoestrogens are a type of xenohormone that imitates estrogen.They can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds.Synthetic xenoestrogens include some widely used industrial compounds, such as PCBs, BPA, and phthalates, which have estrogenic effects on a living organism even though they differ chemically from the estrogenic substances produced internally by the endocrine system of any ...
Xenoestrogens are xenohormones that mimic the effects of natural estrogen. When present in the body, xenoestrogens can bind with estrogen receptors in the brain, leading to a disruption in the gonadal endocrine system. Xenoestrogen exposure during different developmental periods can have differing effects on the reproductive system.
Parabens are also an estrogen mimicker and are chemically the same structure. Phthalates: Phthalates are used in cosmetics as "plasticizing" agents to make a substance more pliable such as in fingernail polish and hairspray. They act as estrogen and bind to receptors in the cell to induce estrogenic activity within an organism.
A comparison of the structures of the natural estrogen hormone estradiol (left) and one of the nonyl-phenols (right), a xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor. Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents, [1] endocrine disrupting chemicals, [2] or endocrine disrupting compounds [3] are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems. [4]
Because they can mimic estrogen thus activating the receptor, they are considered harmful and potentially linked with breast cancer. [1] List of metalloestrogens include aluminium , antimony , arsenite , barium , cadmium , [ 2 ] chromium (Cr(II)), cobalt , copper , lead , mercury , nickel , selenite , tin and vanadate .
The similarities, at molecular level, of an estrogen and a phytoestrogen allow them to mildly mimic and sometimes act as an antagonist of estrogen. [2] Phytoestrogens were first observed in 1926, [ 2 ] [ 5 ] but it was unknown if they could have any effect in human or animal metabolism.
Phthalates (US: / ˈ θ æ l eɪ t s / UK: / ˈ θ ɑː l eɪ t s ˌ ˈ f θ æ l ɪ t s / [1] [2]), or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid. They are mainly used as plasticizers, i.e., substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity. They are used primarily to soften polyvinyl ...
Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor that can mimic estrogen and has been shown to cause negative health effects in animal studies. Bisphenol A closely mimics the structure and function of the hormone estradiol by binding to and activating the same estrogen receptor as the natural hormone.