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Isosorbide dinitrate is in the nitrate family of medications and works by dilating blood vessels. [1] Isosorbide dinitrate was first written about in 1939. [3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [4] Isosorbide dinitrate is available as a generic medication. [1] [5] A long-acting form exists. [1]
The first long-acting (depot) injections were antipsychotics fluphenazine and haloperidol. [2] The concept of a depot injection arose before 1950, and originally was used to describe antibiotic injections that lasted longer to allow for less frequent administration.
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), also known as PENT, pentyl, PENTA (ПЕНТА, primarily in Russian), TEN (tetraeritrit nitrate), corpent, or penthrite (or, rarely and primarily in German, as nitropenta), is an explosive material. It is the nitrate ester of pentaerythritol, and is structurally very similar to nitroglycerin.
The recommended maximum limits by the World Health Organization in drinking water are 3 mg L −1 and 50 mg L −1 for nitrite and nitrate ions, respectively. [16] Ingesting too much nitrite and/or nitrate through well water is suspected to cause methemoglobinemia. [17]
Organic nitrites are prepared from alcohols and sodium nitrite in sulfuric acid solution.They decompose slowly on standing, the decomposition products being oxides of nitrogen, water, the alcohol, and polymerization products of the aldehyde. [1]
Sodium nitrate has also been investigated as a phase-change material for thermal energy recovery, owing to its relatively high melting enthalpy of 178 J/g. [14] [15] Examples of the applications of sodium nitrate used for thermal energy storage include solar thermal power technologies and direct steam generating parabolic troughs. [14]
Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage).
Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is an explosive compound chemically similar to PETN, [1] though it is thought to be slightly more sensitive to friction and impact.. Like many nitrate esters, ETN acts as a vasodilator, and was the active ingredient in the original "sustained release" tablets, made under a process patent in the early 1950s, called "nitroglyn".