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The first pharyngeal arch, also mandibular arch (corresponding to the first branchial arch of fish), is the first of six pharyngeal arches that develops during the fourth week of development. [10] It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove .
The pharyngeal nerve is a small branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V 2), [1]: 496 arising at the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. It passes through the palatovaginal canal [ 1 ] : 370, 496 with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery .
The second pharyngeal arch is innervated by the facial cranial nerve. Muscles that arise from the arch are those involved with facial expression and the posterior digastric muscle. Skeletal structures that originate here are the cervical sinus, Reichert cartilage (stape) the styloid process of the temporal bone, the lesser cornu and the hyoid ...
The first and second arches disappear early. A remnant of the 1st arch forms part of the maxillary artery, [3] a branch of the external carotid artery. The ventral end of the second develops into the ascending pharyngeal artery, and its dorsal end gives origin to the stapedial artery, [3] a vessel which typically atrophies in humans [4] [5] but persists in some mammals.
Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) are the efferent nerve fibers that provide motor innervation to the muscles of the pharyngeal arches in humans, and the branchial arches in fish. [1] Some sources prefer the term "branchiomotor" [2] or "branchial efferent". [3]
The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve is the principal motor nerve of the pharynx. It represents the motor component of the pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve and ultimately provides motor innervation to most of the muscles of the soft palate (all but the tensor veli palatini muscle), and of the pharynx (all but the stylopharyngeus muscle). [1]
I-IV pharyngeal arches, 1–4 pharyngeal pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside) a Tuberculum laterale b Tuberculum impar c Foramen cecum d Ductus thyreoglossus e Sinus cervicalis. The pharyngeal apparatus is an embryological structure. [1] [2] It consists of: pharyngeal grooves (from ectoderm) pharyngeal arches (from mesoderm ...
The pharynx (pl.: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs respectively). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. The pharynx carries food to the esophagus and air to the larynx.