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Ensete ventricosum, commonly known as enset or ensete, Ethiopian banana, Abyssinian banana, [3] pseudo-banana, false banana and wild banana, [4] is a species of flowering plant in the banana family Musaceae. The domesticated form of the plant is cultivated only in Ethiopia, where it provides the staple food for approximately 20 million people.
Ensete is a genus of monocarpic flowering plants native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, Musaceae, and includes the false banana or enset (E. ventricosum), an economically important food crop in Ethiopia. [1] [2] [3]
Banana plants are among the largest extant herbaceous plants, some reaching up to 9 m (30 ft) in height or 18 m (59 ft) in the case of Musa ingens.The large herb is composed of a modified underground stem (), a false trunk or pseudostem formed by the basal parts of tightly rolled leaves, a network of roots, and a large flower spike.
The Goldfinger banana (FHIA-01) is a banana cultivar developed in Honduras. The cultivar, developed at the Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Research (FHIA) by a team of scientists led by Phillip Rowe and Franklin Rosales , has been bred to be pest-resistant (specifically against the black sigatoka ) and crop-yielding.
It is assumed that wild bananas were cooked and eaten, as farmers would not have developed the cultivated banana otherwise. Seeded Musa balbisiana fruit are called butuhan ('with seeds') in the Philippines, [7] and kluai tani (กล้วยตานี) in Thailand, [8] where its leaves are used for packaging and crafts. [9]
Left to right: plantains, Red, Latundan, and Cavendish bananas The following is a list of banana cultivars and the groups into which they are classified. Almost all modern cultivated varieties of edible bananas and plantains are hybrids and polyploids of two wild, seeded banana species, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana.
Lady Finger banana is a diploid cultivar originating in Malaysia [1] or Indonesia. [2] It is the most widely cultivated AA cultivar and is one of the world’s most popular local bananas. [ 1 ] Lady Finger (AA), with much A in its genome, is notably difficult to grow and rarely survives with low moisture or humidity.
The above-ground part of the plant is a "false stem" or pseudostem, consisting of leaves and their fused bases. Each pseudostem can produce a single flowering stem. After fruiting, the pseudostem dies, but offshoots may develop from the base of the plant. Cultivars of banana are usually sterile, without seeds or viable pollen. [4]