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An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. [1]Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender. [2]
The implicit-association test (IAT) is an assessment intended to detect subconscious associations between mental representations of objects in memory. [1] Its best-known application is the assessment of implicit stereotypes held by test subjects, such as associations between particular racial categories and stereotypes about those groups. [2]
Internalized racism is a form of internalized oppression, defined by sociologist Karen D. Pyke as the "internalization of racial oppression by the racially subordinated." [1] In her study The Psychology of Racism, Robin Nicole Johnson emphasizes that internalized racism involves both "conscious and unconsious acceptance of a racial hierarchy in which a presumed superior race are consistently ...
How racial bias plays a role. Racial bias also adds an additional layer of stereotyping that can be detrimental to women's careers. About half of white and Asian men also reported being called ...
A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies found amygdala activity correlated to increased scores on implicit measures of racial bias. It was also argued amygdala activity in response to racial stimuli represents increased threat perception rather than the traditional theory of the amygdala activity represented ingroup-outgroup processing. [ 259 ]
The cross-race effect (sometimes called cross-race bias, other-race bias, own-race bias or other-race effect) is the tendency to more easily recognize faces that belong to one's own racial group, or racial groups that one has been in contact with.
Racial bias in criminal news occurs when a journalist's racial biases affect their reporting. Racial biases are a form of implicit bias, which refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect an individual's understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner. [1] These biases, which encompass unfavorable assessments, are often ...
“The jury will actually understand [that] what this prosecutor is saying about Muslims, about Pakistani males, is actually not true about the culture,” he said.