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Dip is defined as the angle of the fault relative to the surface of the earth, which indicates the plane on which slip will occur. Lastly, in any non-vertical fault, the block above the fault is called the hanging wall, while the blockbelow the fault is called the footwall. [4] Normal and reverse dip-slip faults with labeled hanging wall and ...
A downthrown block between two normal faults dipping towards each other is a graben. A block stranded between two grabens, and therefore two normal faults dipping away from each other, is a horst. A sequence of grabens and horsts on the surface of the Earth produces a characteristic basin and range topography.
Ierapetra Fault: 40: Crete: Normal fault: Independence Valley fault system: Nevada, United States: Normal fault: Active: 2008 Wells earthquake (M6.0) Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc subduction zone >2800: Micronesia: Subduction zone: Active: 1993 Guam (M7.8) Japan Trench: 1400: Off the coast of Honshu: Subduction zone: Active: see Seismicity of the ...
As illustrated, an earthquake zone may start as a single crack, growing to form many individual cracks and collections of cracks along a fault. The key to fault growth is the concept of a "following force", as conveniently provided for interplate earthquakes, by the motion of tectonic plates. Under a following force, the seismic displacements ...
With crustal extension, a series of normal faults which occur in groups, form in close proximity and dipping in opposite directions. [4] As the crust extends it fractures in series of fault planes, some blocks sink down due to gravity, creating long linear valleys or basins also known as grabens, while the blocks remaining up or uplifted produce mountains or ranges, also known as horsts.
For example, a fault outside of Kalamazoo was revealed after a 4.2-magnitude earthquake in 2015 — the state's largest since a 4.6-magnitude quake along the same fault in Coldwater in 1947.
“It is also possible that earthquakes can increase the stress at the continuation of the faults or nearby faults, which may trigger other earthquakes.” Does climate change affect seismic activity?
Strike-slip faults are associated with dominantly horizontal movement, leading to relatively simple linear zones of surface rupture where the fault is a simple planar structure. However, many strike-slip faults are formed of overlapping segments, leading to complex zones of normal or reverse faulting depending on the nature of the overlap.