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Among them, Poser criteria utilized several laboratory and paraclinical studies to enhance the diagnostic accuracy. McDonald criteria, which are the ones used today, successfully introduced MRI findings as surrogates for the criterion of dissemination in time and space when clinical data are lacking, thus allowing earlier diagnosis of MS. [32]
The McDonald criteria maintained a scheme for diagnosing MS based solely on clinical grounds but also proposed for the first time that when clinical evidence is lacking, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can serve as surrogates for dissemination in space (DIS) and/or time (DIT) to diagnose MS. [5] The criteria try to prove the existence ...
This led to the development of the Barkhof Criteria for using MRI findings to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS). [3] [4] Following this publication, he became a Full Professor in Neuroradiology at Vrije's Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and served as a senior staff member of their MS Center Amsterdam ...
The McDonald criteria states that patients with multiple sclerosis should have lesions which are disseminated in time (DIT) and disseminated in space (DIS), i.e. lesions which have appeared in different areas in the brain and at different times. [88] Below is an abbreviated outline of the 2017 McDonald Criteria for diagnosis of MS.
The criteria for an RIS diagnosis are as follows: [5] [4] [6] The presence of incidental MRI findings in the CNS white matter: Ovoid and well-circumscribed homogeneous foci, with or without involvement of the corpus callosum; T2 hyperintensities larger than 3 mm in diameter, which fulfill at least 3 of the 4 Barkhof MRI criteria [7] for DIS
Functional connectivity, which fMRI evaluates, is the activity coordination between brain regions. It is measured as "temporal correlations of low-frequency oscillations in the BOLD signal between anatomically distinct brain areas" and can reveal resting state networks. [17]
The Boston criteria version 2.0 [1] is a set of guidelines designed to diagnose cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a disease that affects small blood vessels in the brain, particularly those in the cortex and leptomeninges. Although the gold standard for diagnosis is histopathological examination, the Boston criteria provide clinicians with a ...
The first study of the human brain at 3.0 T was published in 1994, [13] and in 1998 at 8 T. [14] Studies of the human brain have been performed at 9.4 T (2006) [15] and up to 10.5 T (2019). [16] Paul Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield were awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning MRI.