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The Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948, also known as the first Kashmir war, [25] was a war fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistani wars between the two newly independent nations .
India reinforced Kashmir by an additional brigade. [145] 27 December 1947 (): British Commonwealth Minister Philip Noel-Baker considered it a "political miscalculation" by India that the UN Security Council would condemn Pakistan as an aggressor. The events before Kashmir's accession would also come into play.
In 2003, the percentage of Muslims in the Kashmir Valley was 95% [108] and those of Hindus 4%; the same year, in Jammu, the percentage of Hindus was 67% and those of Muslims 27%. [108] Among the Muslims of the Kashmir province within the princely state, four divisions were recorded: "Shaikhs, Saiyids, Mughals, and Pathans. The Shaikhs, who are ...
This left the Kashmir Valley and 'perhaps some adjacent country' around Muzaffarabad in uncertain political terrain. [112] Pakistan did not accept this plan because it believed that India's commitment to a plebiscite for the whole state should not be abandoned. [113] [114] [115]
Pakistan brought the case of Junagadh to the United Nations in January 1948. The UN Security Council commanded its commission on Kashmir to examine the conflict over Junagadh. [24] The Kashmir conflict eclipsed the matter of Junagadh at the United Nations Security Council, [48] where Junagadh's case is still unresolved.
Under this Sino-Pakistan Agreement, Pakistani control to a part of northern Kashmir was recognized by China. [3] During this period, China was in dispute with India regarding Kashmir's eastern boundary, with India making claims of the border having been demarcated beforehand and China making claims that such demarcations had never happened.
Map of the State of Jammu and Kashmir showing the Cease Fire Line as Agreed Upon in the Karachi Agreement, Ratified by the Governments of India and Pakistan on 29 and 30 July Respectively. (See Annex 26 to the third Interim Report of the United Nation Commission for India and Pakistan) [ 9 ] [ 10 ]
Nagar was another small valley state to the north of Kashmir and shared the language and culture of Hunza. [27] In 1931 it had a population of 13,672, much the same as that of Hunza. [ 24 ] On 18 November 1947 its ruler, Shaukat Ali Khan (1917–2003), who had come to the throne in 1940, joined his neighbour in acceding to Pakistan. [ 27 ]