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The Han Feizi (simplified Chinese: 韩非子; traditional Chinese: 韓非子; pinyin: Hánfēizi; lit. 'Book of Master Han Fei') is an ancient Chinese text attributed to the Legalist political philosopher Han Fei. [1]
Han Fei (c. 280 – 233 BC), also known as Han Feizi, was a Chinese Legalist philosopher and statesman [1] during the Warring States period. He was a prince of the state of Han . [ 2 ]
A central idea in their period, the Han Feizi and Sima Tan profess their views as a matter of changing with the times. [65] Applying the practice of wu wei or non-action more to the ruler than anyone else, the Han Feizi is opposed with later or more spiritual forms of Daoism as a practical state philosophy not accepting a 'permanent way of ...
The short founder Qin dynasty, where Legalism was the official philosophy, quashed Mohist and Confucianist schools. Legalism remained influential during the early Han dynasty under the Taoist-Realist ideology Huang-Lao until Emperor Wu of Han adopted Confucianism as official doctrine.
Legalist doctrine was formulated by Li Kui, Shang Yang (d. 338 BC), Han Fei (d. 233 BC), and Li Si (d. 208 BC), who maintained that human nature was incorrigibly selfish; accordingly, the only way to preserve the social order was to impose discipline from above, and to see to a strict enforcement of laws. The Legalists exalted the state above ...
The earliest surviving of such texts (the second being the Han Feizi), [1] it is named for and to some extent attributed to major Qin reformer Shang Yang, who served as minister to Duke Xiao of Qin (r. 361 – 338 BC) from 359 BC until his death in 338 BC and is generally considered to be the father of that state's "legalism". [2]
Xunzi, whose work would ultimately be foundational to Confucian philosophy during the Han dynasty, took up fa, suggesting that it could only be properly assessed by the Confucian sage (聖; shèng), and that the most important fa were the very rituals that Mozi had ridiculed for their ostentatious waste and lack of benefit for the people at ...
The Han Feizi's Chapter 40 "Nanshi" also quotes from Shen Dao alongside the Zhuangzi, supporting its discussion with a spear-and-shield parable. Although Han Fei discusses Shen Dao in relation to power, it is a not a naked concept of power, but one based in "relying on circumstances", which fits right in with the Zhuangzi.