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Valvular heart disease resulting from rheumatic fever is referred to as rheumatic heart disease. Acute rheumatic fever, which frequently manifests with carditis and valvulitis, [ 20 ] is a late sequela of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection in the throat, often lagging the initial infection by weeks to months. [ 21 ]
When over-activated this process causes thickening and fibrosis of the valve, with white tissue building up primarily on the tricuspid valve, but also occurring on the pulmonary valve. The thickening and loss of flexibility eventually may lead to valvular dysfunction and right-sided heart failure .
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR), also called tricuspid insufficiency, is a type of valvular heart disease in which the tricuspid valve of the heart, located between the right atrium and right ventricle, does not close completely when the right ventricle contracts ().
Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve of the heart. [1] It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. Normally, the mitral valve is about 5 cm 2 during diastole. Any decrease in area below 2 cm 2 causes mitral stenosis. Early diagnosis of mitral stenosis ...
It is one of the two most common valvular heart diseases in the elderly, [27] and the commonest type of valvular heart disease in low and middle income countries. [3] In a study of 595 male elite football players aged 18–38 and 47 sedentary non-athletes, mitral regurgitation was found in 20% football players and 15% in control group. Football ...
The anterior mitral valve moves anteriorly during systole in these patients leading to dynamic LVOTO, and the increased mass of the septum leads to a physical narrowing for blood to pass through. Thus, both of these contribute to the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction seen in some cases of this disease.
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