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Osgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) is inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity (apophysitis) [3] usually affecting adolescents during growth spurts. [5] It is characterized by a painful bump just below the knee that is worse with activity and better with rest. [3] Episodes of pain typically last a few weeks to months. [6]
Tenderness in the tibial tuberosity can arise from Osgood-Schlatter disease or deep infrapatellar bursitis. A bony prominence on the tibial tuberosity can be the result of ongoing Osgood-Schlatter’s irritation in an adolescent with open growth plates, or what remains of Osgood-Schlatter’s in adults. [5]
Osteochondrosis is a developmental disease. It usually occurs in an early stage of life. It has personified features as focal chondronecrosis and confinement of growth cartilage due to a failing of endochondral ossification. Fissures can develop from lesions over the top articular cartilage and form a cartilage flap and an osteochondral fragment.
Changes related to physical growth: When youth athletes have growth spurts during puberty, they have a higher risk of injuries, including broken bones or a condition such as Osgood–Schlatter disease. [2] [10] [8] A growth spurt can also cause temporary reduction in coordination, which can cause a young athlete to lose confidence and self ...
Sever's disease, also known as calcaneus apophysitis, is an inflammation at the back of the heel (or calcaneus) growth plate in growing children. The condition is thought to be caused by repetitive stress at the heel. This condition is benign and common and usually resolves when the growth plate has closed or during periods of less activity.
It is analogous to Osgood–Schlatter disease which involves the upper margin of the tibia. This variant was discovered in 1908, during a winter indoor Olympic qualifier event in Scandinavia. Sever's disease is a similar condition affecting the heel.
The diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome is made by ruling out patellar tendinitis, prepatellar bursitis, plica syndrome, Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome, and Osgood–Schlatter disease. [23] Currently, there is not a gold standard assessment to diagnose PFPS. [20]
A 2007 Cochrane review of prolotherapy in adults with chronic low-back pain found unclear evidence of effect. [5] A 2009 review concluded the same for subacute low back pain. [6] A 2015 review found consistent evidence that it does not help in low back pain. [4] There was tentative evidence of benefit when used with other low back pain treatments.