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Cocaine (from French cocaïne, from Spanish coca, ultimately from Quechua kúka) [13] is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system stimulant.As an extract, it is mainly used recreationally and often illegally for its euphoric and rewarding effects.
Cocaine dependence is a neurological disorder that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation from cocaine use. [1] It also often coincides with cocaine addiction which is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of cocaine and/or crack despite substantial harm and adverse consequences.
Roberto Suárez Gómez (January 8, 1932 – July 20, 2000), also known as the King of Cocaine, was a Bolivian drug lord and trafficker who played a major role in the expansion of cocaine trafficking in Bolivia.
United States CBP police inspect a seized shipment of cocaine.. Cocaine is the second most popular illegal recreational drug in the United States behind cannabis, [1] and the U.S. is the world's largest consumer of cocaine. [2]
As the previous findings suggest, chronic cocaine use caused both alterations in the chromatin remodeling activity of HDACs and drug-seeking behavior. Renthal et al. [2] focused specifically on the class II histone deacetylase, HDAC5 since it was known to have activity-dependent regulation in neurons.
Officials linked to the Anti-Drug National Command have been sanctioned for their alleged participation with corruption in Venezuela. Néstor Reverol, who served under Guillén Dávila, was later accused of drug trafficking as well and was sanctioned by the United States in 2016. [3]
Two factors that allowed the coca business to boom in the 1990s: the end of the cold war depleted the funds of the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia prompting them to turn to the illegal drug industry for revenue, and the promotion and protection of coca cultivation helped paramilitary groups sustain power with local support.
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.