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The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe (subcortical), and is an infolding of the medial temporal cortex. [1] The hippocampus plays an important role in the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory during encoding and retrieval stages. These stages do not need to occur successively, but are, as studies ...
Exercise has been found to positively regulate hippocampal neurogenesis, [48] which is considered an explanation for the positive influence of physical activities on memory performance. Hippocampus-dependent learning can promote the survival of newborn neurons, which may serve as a foundation for the formation of new memories. [49]
Inhibition of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been shown to have various effects on learning and memory, conditioning, and investigative behaviors. Impaired fear conditioning has been seen in studies involving rats with a lack of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. [58]
Memory is retained in the hippocampus for up to one week after initial learning, representing the hippocampus-dependent stage. [20] During this stage the hippocampus is 'teaching' the cortex more and more about the information and when the information is recalled it strengthens the cortico-cortical connection thus making the memory hippocampus ...
As the hippocampus is known to be vital to memory processes, there are obvious implications for childhood amnesia. Animal research has shown that the age of high neurogenesis is in the developmental period when persistent memories are least likely to be formed. It has been proposed that hippocampal neurogenesis degrades existing memories.
The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse'), also hippocampus proper, is a major component of the brain of humans and many other vertebrates. In the human brain the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum are the components of the hippocampal formation located in the limbic system.
CA3 has been implicated in a number of working theories on memory and hippocampal learning processes. Slow oscillatory rhythms (theta-band; 3–8 Hz) are cholinergically driven patterns that depend on coupling of interneurons and pyramidal cell axons via gap junctions, as well as glutaminergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) synapses.
The hippocampus' right side is more oriented towards responding to spatial aspects, whereas the left side is associated with other context information. Also, there is evidence that experience in building extensive mental maps, such as driving a city taxi for a long time (since this requires considerable memorization of routes), can increase the ...