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  2. Surrogate model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogate_model

    A surrogate model is an engineering method used when an outcome of interest cannot be easily measured or computed, so an approximate mathematical model of the outcome is used instead.

  3. Subrogation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrogation

    Subrogation is the assumption by a third party (such as a second creditor or an insurance company) of another party's legal right to collect debts or damages. [1] It is a legal doctrine whereby one person is entitled to enforce the subsisting or revived rights of another for their own benefit. [ 2 ]

  4. Surrogate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogate

    Surrogate, used in library science. Metadata is created to represent information resources. The metadata serves as the surrogate for stored information resources. Surrogate species, used in ecology and conservation biology to indicate the following: Flagship species, chosen to support the marketing of a conservation effort

  5. Surrogate data testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogate_data_testing

    Surrogate data testing [1] (or the method of surrogate data) is a statistical proof by contradiction technique similar to permutation tests [2] and parametric bootstrapping.It is used to detect non-linearity in a time series. [3]

  6. Surrogate endpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogate_endpoint

    A correlate does not make a surrogate. It is a common misconception that if an outcome is a correlate (that is, correlated with the true clinical outcome) it can be used as a valid surrogate endpoint (that is, a replacement for the true clinical outcome).

  7. Surrogacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy

    Intended parents attend the birth of their child by a gestational surrogate. Surrogacy is an arrangement, often supported by a legal agreement, whereby a woman agrees to pregnancy and childbirth on behalf of (an)other person(s) who will become the child's legal parent(s) after birth.

  8. Chubb (CB) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/chubb-cb-q4-2024-earnings...

    Does it include assessment, subrogation kind of ground up? Maybe give us a little context on kind of how we should be thinking about the $1.5 billion number. Evan G. Greenberg -- Chairman and ...

  9. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...