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Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
The first symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome are usually muscle cramps and tremors, fever, symptoms of autonomic nervous system instability such as unstable blood pressure, and sudden changes in mental status (agitation, delirium, or coma). Other possible symptoms include sweating, trouble swallowing, tremors, incontinence, and mutism.
As haloperidol is a high-potency typical antipsychotic, it tends to produce significant extrapyramidal side effects. According to a 2013 meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs it was the most prone of the 15 for causing extrapyramidal side effects.
fluphenazine and haloperidol: more extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and less antihistaminic effects (e.g. sedation), alpha adrenergic antagonism (e.g. orthostatic hypotension), and anticholinergic effects (e.g. dry mouth) middle: perphenazine and loxapine: intermediate D2 affinity, with more off-target effects than high-potency agents low ...
The IM formulations of these three atypical antipsychotics are considered to be at least as effective or even more effective than the IM administration of haloperidol alone or haloperidol with lorazepam [15] [16] [17] (which is the standard treatment of agitation in most hospitals) and the atypicals have a dramatically improved tolerability due ...
[65] [66] Overall, symptoms in women respond better to haloperidol than they do for men, [65] and one report found that haloperidol was the preferred medication during pregnancy, [66] to minimize the side effects in the mother, including low blood pressure, and anticholinergic effects. [67] Most women find they can withdraw from medication ...
HPP + may contribute to the development of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in patients undergoing long-term haloperidol therapy. [2] An alternative theory posits that these symptoms result from long-term dopamine receptor supersensitivity , rather than direct neurotoxicity.
Most people on antipsychotics get side effects. People on typical antipsychotics tend to have a higher rate of extrapyramidal side effects while some atypicals are associated with considerable weight gain, diabetes, and risk of metabolic syndrome ; this is most pronounced with olanzapine, while risperidone and quetiapine are also associated ...