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Ovum quality is the measure of the ability of an oocyte (the female gamete) to achieve successful fertilisation.The quality is determined by the maturity of the oocyte and the cells that it comprises, which are susceptible to various factors which impact quality and thus reproductive success. [1]
The hamster zona-free ovum test (HZFO test), or hamster egg-penetration test, or sometimes just hamster test, is an in-vitro test used to study physiological profile of spermatozoa. [1] The primary application of the test is to diagnose male infertility caused by sperm unable to penetrate the ova .
An oocyte (/ ˈ oʊ ə s aɪ t /, oöcyte, or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction. In other words, it is an immature ovum, or egg cell. An oocyte is produced in a female fetus in the ovary during female gametogenesis. The female germ cells produce a primordial germ cell (PGC), which then undergoes mitosis ...
Human fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm, occurring primarily in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. [1] The result of this union leads to the production of a fertilized egg called a zygote, initiating embryonic development. Scientists discovered the dynamics of human fertilization in the 19th century. [2]
If no fertilization occurs, the oocyte will degenerate between 12 and 24 hours after ovulation. [18] Approximately 1–2% of ovulations release more than one oocyte. This tendency increases with maternal age. Fertilization of two different oocytes by two different spermatozoa results in fraternal twins. [10]
The zona pellucida is a translucent matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and is 6.5–20 μm thick depending on the species. Its formation, which depends on a conserved zona pellucida-like (ZP) module that mediates the polymerization of egg coat components, [2] is critical to successful fertilization. [3]
The primary oocyte is defined by its process of ootidogenesis, which is meiosis. [2] It has duplicated its DNA, so that each chromosome has two chromatids, i.e. 92 chromatids all in all (4C). When meiosis I is completed, one secondary oocyte and one polar body is created. Primary oocytes have been created in late fetal life.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 January 2025. Union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote This article is about fertilisation in animals and plants. For fertilisation in humans specifically, see Human fertilization. For soil improvement, see Fertilizer. "Conceive" redirects here. For ...