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A difference engine is an automatic mechanical calculator designed ... the difference engine can calculate any number of ... the differences of the two left neighbors ...
Numbers p and q like this can be computed with the extended Euclidean algorithm. gcd(a, 0) = | a |, for a ≠ 0, since any number is a divisor of 0, and the greatest divisor of a is | a |. [2] [5] This is usually used as the base case in the Euclidean algorithm. If a divides the product b⋅c, and gcd(a, b) = d, then a/d divides c.
The actual difference is not usually a good way to compare the numbers, in particular because it depends on the unit of measurement. For instance, 1 m is the same as 100 cm, but the absolute difference between 2 and 1 m is 1 while the absolute difference between 200 and 100 cm is 100, giving the impression of a larger difference. [4]
This machine could add and subtract two numbers directly and multiply and divide by repetition. Since, unlike Schickard's machine, the Pascaline dials could only rotate in one direction zeroing it after each calculation required the operator to dial in all 9s and then (method of re-zeroing) propagate a carry right through the machine. [23]
The absolute difference of two real numbers and is given by | |, the absolute value of their difference. It describes the distance on the real line between the points corresponding to x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} .
In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. [citation needed] Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation. [1] Divided differences is a recursive division process.
The difference of two squares is used to find the linear factors of the sum of two squares, using complex number coefficients. For example, the complex roots of z 2 + 4 {\displaystyle z^{2}+4} can be found using difference of two squares:
Fermat's factorization method, named after Pierre de Fermat, is based on the representation of an odd integer as the difference of two squares: N = a 2 − b 2 . {\displaystyle N=a^{2}-b^{2}.} That difference is algebraically factorable as ( a + b ) ( a − b ) {\displaystyle (a+b)(a-b)} ; if neither factor equals one, it is a proper ...