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Graph of number of coupons, n vs the expected number of trials (i.e., time) needed to collect them all E (T ) In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests.
LeetCode LLC, doing business as LeetCode, is an online platform for coding interview preparation. The platform provides coding and algorithmic problems intended for users to practice coding . [ 1 ] LeetCode has gained popularity among job seekers in the software industry and coding enthusiasts as a resource for technical interviews and coding ...
Sloping lines denote graphs of 2x+5y=n where n is the total in pence, and x and y are the non-negative number of 2p and 5p coins, respectively. A point on a line gives a combination of 2p and 5p for its given total (green). Multiple points on a line imply multiple possible combinations (blue). Only lines with n = 1 or 3 have no points (red).
(For the more general case , a solution is outlined below.) The solution is expressed recursively. Let () denote the position of the survivor when there are initially n people (and =). The first time around the circle, all of the even-numbered people die. The second time around the circle, the new 2nd person dies, then the new 4th person, etc ...
In C, for example, the cost of concatenating two strings of length m and n using strcat is O(m + n), since we need O(m) time to find the end of the first string and O(n) time to copy the second string onto the end of it. Using this cost function, we can write a dynamic programming algorithm to find the fastest way to concatenate a sequence of ...
The problem has been shown to be NP-hard (more precisely, it is complete for the complexity class FP NP; see function problem), and the decision problem version ("given the costs and a number x, decide whether there is a round-trip route cheaper than x") is NP-complete. The bottleneck travelling salesman problem is also NP-hard.
A better solution, which was proposed by Sellers, [2] relies on dynamic programming. It uses an alternative formulation of the problem: for each position j in the text T and each position i in the pattern P , compute the minimum edit distance between the i first characters of the pattern, P i {\displaystyle P_{i}} , and any substring T j ...
Most obviously, the solutions to the maximum independent set problem, the maximum clique problem, and the minimum independent dominating problem must all be maximal independent sets or maximal cliques, and can be found by an algorithm that lists all maximal independent sets or maximal cliques and retains the ones with the largest or smallest size.