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The primes of the form 2n+1 are the odd primes, including all primes other than 2. Some sequences have alternate names: 4n+1 are Pythagorean primes, 4n+3 are the integer Gaussian primes, and 6n+5 are the Eisenstein primes (with 2 omitted). The classes 10n+d (d = 1, 3, 7, 9) are primes ending in the decimal digit d.
For example, 3 is a Mersenne prime as it is a prime number and is expressible as 2 2 − 1. [1] [2] The exponents p corresponding to Mersenne primes must themselves be prime, although the vast majority of primes p do not lead to Mersenne primes—for example, 2 11 − 1 = 2047 = 23 × 89. [3]
Because the set of primes is a computably enumerable set, by Matiyasevich's theorem, it can be obtained from a system of Diophantine equations. Jones et al. (1976) found an explicit set of 14 Diophantine equations in 26 variables, such that a given number k + 2 is prime if and only if that system has a solution in nonnegative integers: [7]
If no exponent is written then the multiplicity is 1 (since p = p 1). The multiplicity of a prime which does not divide n may be called 0 or may be considered undefined. Ω(n), the prime omega function, is the number of prime factors of n counted with multiplicity (so it is the sum of all prime factor multiplicities). A prime number has Ω(n) = 1.
This category is for articles about classes (meaning subsets here) of prime numbers, for example primes generated by a particular formula or having a special property. See List of prime numbers for definitions and examples of many classes of primes.
By contraposition, if 2 p − 1 is prime then p is prime. If p is an odd prime, then every prime q that divides 2 p − 1 must be 1 plus a multiple of 2p. This holds even when 2 p − 1 is prime. For example, 2 5 − 1 = 31 is prime, and 31 = 1 + 3 × (2 × 5). A composite example is 2 11 − 1 = 23 × 89, where 23 = 1 + (2 × 11) and 89 = 1 ...