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Nystagmus as seen in a case of ocular albinism. The cause of pathological nystagmus may be congenital, idiopathic, or secondary to a pre-existing neurological disorder.It also may be induced temporarily by disorientation (such as on roller coaster rides or when a person has been spinning in circles) or by some drugs (alcohol, lidocaine, and other central nervous system depressants, inhalant ...
Cocaine use causes increased norepinephrine levels and the resulting sympathetic activation leads to vasospasm and hypertension, [19] both of which are risk factors to retinal blood vessel damage. Related retinal vasculature conditions include central retinal artery occlusion , [ 20 ] central retinal vein occlusion [ 21 ] and cilioretinal ...
Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders. This neurological phenomenon is characterized by a sustained dystonic, conjugate , involuntary upward deviation of both eyes lasting seconds to hours.
Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. [1] Early on there are often no symptoms. [1] Over time, however, some people experience a gradual worsening of vision that may affect one or both eyes. [1]
Apart from antimalarial effects, these drugs are also used in the treatment of other diseases such as dermatological, immunological, rheumatological, and severe infectious diseases. [ 25 ] Various ototoxic effects are manifested by using antimalarial drugs, with dizziness being one of the most common one.
Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell . The swelling may distort a person's central vision , because the macula holds tightly packed cones that provide sharp, clear, central vision to enable a person to see detail ...
It can cause eye strain, sometimes called computer vision syndrome, and the light is so bright it can mimic sunlight, mess with our hormones, and prevent us from feeling sleepy.
age-related macular degeneration; vertebrobasilar insufficiency; optic neuritis; visual snow syndrome; Vitreous shrinkage or liquefaction, which is the most common cause of photopsia, causes a pull in vitreoretinal attachments, irritating the retina and causing it to discharge electrical impulses.