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The electrons, the charge carriers in an electrical circuit, flow in the opposite direction of the conventional electric current. The symbol for a battery in a circuit diagram. The conventional direction of current, also known as conventional current, [10] [11] is arbitrarily defined as the direction in which positive charges flow.
A conventional current describes the direction in which positive charges move. Electrons have a negative electrical charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to that of the conventional current flow. Consequently, the mnemonic cathode current departs also means that electrons flow into the device's cathode from the external circuit. For ...
Illustration of the "reference directions" of the current (), voltage (), and power () variables used in the passive sign convention.If positive current is defined as flowing into the device terminal which is defined to be positive voltage, then positive power (big arrow) given by the equation = represents electric power flowing into the device, and negative power represents power flowing out.
In this case, the voltage refers to the voltage across a biological membrane, a membrane potential, and the current is the flow of charged ions through channels in this membrane. The current is determined by the conductances of these channels. In the case of ionic current across biological membranes, currents are measured from inside to outside.
The terms anode and cathode are not defined by the voltage polarity of electrodes, but are usually defined by the direction of current through the electrode. An anode usually is the electrode of a device through which conventional current (positive charge) flows into the device from an external circuit, while a cathode usually is the electrode through which conventional current flows out of ...
Direct current may flow through a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current. [1]
While it's true that electronics flow from negative to positive, the convention for electronics schematics is to draw the "current" as going from positive to negative -- i.e., following the flow of the electron holes. [1] Toybuilder 03:30, 14 September 2009 (UTC) Conventional current flows from positive to negative.
The conversion between heat flow and current flow, and the reverse. thermostat A temperature sensing switch. Thévenin theorem A theorem which states that any network of current sources, voltage sources and resistors can be simplified to an equivalent network with only a voltage source and series impedance; the dual of Norton's Theorem. third rail