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Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. [4] Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.
Opium tincture is used to treat neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) when diluted 1:25 (one part opium tincture to 25 parts water). [34] The recommended dose is 0.2 mL of the diluted solution under the tongue every three hours, which may be increased by 0.05 mL every three hours until no objective signs of withdrawal are observed. [ 34 ]
A sample of raw opium Opioids are among the world's oldest known drugs. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Use of the opium poppy for medical, recreational, and religious purposes can be traced to the 4th century BCE, when Hippocrates wrote about it for its analgesic properties, stating, "Divinum opus est sedare dolores."
The 3,300-year-old opium sparked theories about how the drug was used by — and marketed to — people at the time. Ancient Israeli burial pit reveals remnants of opium — the oldest evidence of ...
The use of preparations similar to opium in surgery is recorded in the Ebers Papyrus, an Egyptian medical papyrus written in the Eighteenth Dynasty. [43] [45] [48] However, it is questionable whether opium itself was known in ancient Egypt. [49] The Greek gods Hypnos (Sleep), Nyx (Night), and Thanatos (Death) were often depicted holding poppies ...
According to Goodman and Gilman's 1965 edition, "Paregoric is a 4% opium tincture in which there is also benzoic acid, camphor, and anise oil. ... Paregoric by tradition is used especially for children." [1] The term "paregoric" has also been used for boiled sweets which contained the substance, in particular the Army & Navy brand.
Ketamine was originally developed in the 1960s as an anesthetic — an application for which it is still used today. (It is on the World Health Organization’s Model List of Essential Medicines.)
[1] [2] More land is used for opium in Afghanistan than is used for coca cultivation in Latin America. The country has been the world's leading illicit drug producer since 2001. [3] In 2007, 93% of the non-pharmaceutical-grade opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan. [4] By 2019 Afghanistan still produced about 84% of the world ...