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An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...
Sexual transmission, with the result being called sexually transmitted infection. Oral transmission , diseases that are transmitted primarily by oral means may be caught through direct oral contact such as kissing , or by indirect contact such as by sharing a drinking glass or a cigarette.
In looking at sociality and disease transmission, an examination of how social grouping strategies may reduce or increase the spread of disease is critical for the health of large groups of people. Social groups , community structures , and cultures affect the use of different strategies and behaviors to reduce the spread of disease.
Zoonoses have different modes of transmission. In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from non-humans to humans through media such as air (influenza) or bites and saliva (rabies). [13] In contrast, transmission can also occur via an intermediate species (referred to as a vector), which carry the disease pathogen without getting ...
As a result, there is some chance that the branching order in the virus phylogeny implies a different order of transmission events if we interpret the phylogeny as equivalent to a transmission tree. For example, in Figure 3D hosts 1 and 3 are more closely related in the transmission history, but not in the phylogeny.
The result of the introduction of Eurasian diseases to the Americas was that many more native peoples were killed by disease and germs than by the colonists' use of guns or other weapons. Scholars estimate that over a period of four centuries, epidemic diseases wiped out as much as 90 percent of the American indigenous populations.
Antigenic sift: direct transmission with a zoonotic strain of a virus. This occurs when a human is infected during a spillover event. Antigenic lift: Viral transmission of host derived gene. Some viruses steal host genes and then incorporate them into their own viral genome, encoding genes that sometimes give them an increased virulence.
A contagious disease is an infectious disease that can be spread rapidly in several ways, including direct contact, indirect contact, and Droplet contact. [1] [2] These diseases are caused by organisms such as parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. While many types of organisms live on the human body and are usually harmless, these organisms ...