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Despite treatment, rejection remains a major cause of transplant failure. [36] Chronic rejection is generally considered irreversible and poorly amenable to treatment—only retransplant generally indicated if feasible—though inhaled ciclosporin is being investigated to delay or prevent chronic rejection of lung transplants.
Lung transplantation is the therapeutic measure of last resort for patients with end-stage lung disease who have exhausted all other available treatments without improvement. A variety of conditions may make such surgery necessary. As of 2005, the most common reasons for lung transplantation in the United States were: [2]
In the case of ABOi renal transplantation, aggressive antibody removal is required, along with supplemental medication, with the resulting condition being termed "accommodation." [ 10 ] While such recipients are more likely to require re-transplantation early on, long-term graft survival is similar to recipients who receive ABOc kidneys.
Ex vivo lung perfusion, EVLP, is a form of machine perfusion aimed at sustaining the active aerobic cellular metabolism of donor lungs outside the donor's body prior to lung transplantation. This medical preservation technique typically occurs within a specialised machine engineered to mimic the conditions of the natural circulatory system .
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is an infusion of horse or rabbit-derived antibodies against human T cells and their precursors , which is used in the prevention and treatment of acute rejection in organ transplantation and therapy of aplastic anemia due to bone marrow insufficiency.
Muromonab-CD3 (brand name Orthoclone OKT3, marketed by Janssen-Cilag) is an immunosuppressant medication given to reduce acute rejection in people with organ transplants. [1] [2] It is a monoclonal antibody targeted at the CD3 receptor, [3] a membrane protein on the surface of T cells.
Lung transplantation is an intricate treatment that can provide efficient results, however, there are risks that come with this procedure which include: bleeding, infection, blockage of the blood vessels to the new lungs, blockage of the airways, severe pulmonary oedema as well as potential blood clot formation. [45]
In 1984, he performed the world’s first successful paediatric heart transplant. [30] 1994–1995: John Wallwork: Wallwork performed the world's first heart-lung and liver transplant with Sir Roy Calne in 1986. [31] 1995–1996: Sharon Hunt: Pioneered work on post-operative care of heart transplant patients. [32] 1996–1997: William Baumgartner