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The Oneida Institute of Science and Industry (founded 1827) was the first institution of higher education to routinely admit African-American men and provide mixed-race college-level education. [130] Oberlin College (founded 1833) was the first mainly white, degree-granting college to admit African-American students. [ 131 ]
John Locke in English and Jean Jacques Rousseau in French authored influential works on education. Both emphasized the importance of shaping young minds early. By the late Enlightenment, there was a rising demand for a more universal approach to education, particularly after the American and French Revolutions.
Education in the Thirteen Colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries varied considerably. Public school systems existed only in New England. In the 18th Century, the Puritan emphasis on literacy largely influenced the significantly higher literacy rate (70 percent of men) of the Thirteen Colonies, mainly New England, in comparison to Britain (40 percent of men) and France (29 percent of men).
Goodchild, Lester F., et al., eds. Higher Education in the American West: Regional History and State Contexts (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) Higgins, Andrew Stone. Higher Education For All: Racial Inequality, Cold War Liberalism, and the California Master Plan (The University of North Carolina Press, 2023) Jencks, Christopher, and David Riesman.
The education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935 (U of North Carolina Press, 2010). online; Bond, Horace Mann. Negro Education in Alabama: A Study in Cotton and Steel (1939). online, a famous classic; Bullock, Henry Allen. A history of Negro education in the South: From 1619 to the present (Harvard UP, 1967). online
Education in French-controlled West Africa during the late 1800s and early 1900s was different from the nationally uniform compulsory education of France in the 1880s. "Adapted education" was organized in 1903 and used the French curriculum as a basis, replacing information relevant to France with "comparable information drawn from the African ...
Leading educational theorists like England's John Locke and Switzerland's Jean Jacques Rousseau both emphasized the importance of shaping young minds early. By the late Enlightenment, there was a rising demand for a more universal approach to education, particularly after the American Revolution and the French Revolution.
In the early-to-mid 19th century, charitable schools were established which aimed to provide a basic education. Private schools aimed at the working classes also existed. Most elementary-level schools taught a limited curriculum and made significant use of corporal punishment.