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Scoria is a pyroclastic, highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock formed by ejection from a volcano as a molten blob and cooled in the air to form discrete grains called clasts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is typically dark in color (brown, black or purplish-red), and basaltic or andesitic in composition.
Vast areas of trap rock in the form of thick lava flows and other volcanic rocks comprise the Deccan Traps of India and Siberian Traps of Russia. [6] Other prominent basalt ridges, mountains, buttes, canyons, and other landscape features include: In North America: The ridges and cliffs of the Columbia River Gorge in Oregon and Washington.
The terms lava stone and lava rock are more used by marketers than geologists, who would likely say "volcanic rock" (because lava is a molten liquid and rock is solid). "Lava stone" may describe anything from a friable silicic pumice to solid mafic flow basalt, and is sometimes used to describe rocks that were never lava, but look as if they ...
Outcrops of Mississippian rocks run parallel to Devonian rocks across central Ohio and paralleling the Lake Erie shore. In fact, Mississippian outcrops form a band of hills five to 10 miles south of the lake. In general the Mississippian rocks are moderately fossiliferous, with good crinoid preservation in Cuyahoga Formation.
Basalt columns seen on Porto Santo Island, Portugal. Columnar jointing of volcanic rocks exists in many places on Earth. Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, in which the vertical joints form polygonal columns and give the impression of having been artificially constructed.
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