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Detail of a miniature of elephants, which were known to have been ridden into battle in India carrying castles on their backs; folio 11v. [1]The Rochester Bestiary (London, British Library, Royal MS 12 F.xiii) is a richly illuminated manuscript copy of a medieval bestiary, a book describing the appearance and habits of a large number of familiar and exotic animals, both real and legendary.
These, from the 13th century, expand on the above with various races of humans, mythological creatures, and sometimes wonders of the world from Bernard Silvestris and others: Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum 254; Cambridge, University Library MS Kk.4.25; Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. e Musaeo 136; Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Douce 88 E
"The Leopard" from the 13th-century bestiary known as the "Rochester Bestiary" The Peridexion Tree A bestiary ( Latin : bestiarium vocabulum ) is a compendium of beasts. Originating in the ancient world , bestiaries were made popular in the Middle Ages in illustrated volumes that described various animals and even rocks.
Ashmole Bestiary; folio 21r: Monoceros and bear. The Ashmole Bestiary, an English illuminated manuscript bestiary, is from the late 12th or early 13th century.Under 90 such manuscripts survive and they were studied and categorized into families by M.R. James in 1928. [1]
Hunting of bears, especially on the Iberian Peninsula, was popular because of the animal's stamina and strength, and the danger of the hunt. Hunting hares using greyhounds or hounds was a popular pastime. [citation needed] Some animals were considered inedible, but still hunted for the sport, such as foxes, otters or badgers. [citation needed]
This was the last major animal to be tamed as a source of milk, meat, power, and leather in the Old World. Lascaux aurochs, Stone Age [2] 3500 BC. Sumerian animal-drawn wheeled vehicles and plows were developed in Mesopotamia, the region called the "Fertile Crescent." Irrigation was probably done using animal power.
The Arabic translation comprises treatises 1–10 of the Kitāb al-Hayawān (The Book of Animals). It was known to the Arab philosopher Al-Kindī (d. 850) and commented on by Avicenna among others. It was in turn translated into Latin, along with Ibn Rushd (Averroes)'s commentary on it, by Michael Scot in the early 13th century. [21]
Information about the manuscript's origins and patrons are circumstantial, although the manuscript most likely originated from the 13th century and was owned by a wealthy ecclesiastical patron from northern or southern England. [2] Currently, the Aberdeen Bestiary resides in the Aberdeen University Library in Scotland. [3]