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  2. Mole (unit) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(unit)

    The value was chosen on the basis of the historical definition of the mole as the amount of substance that corresponds to the number of atoms in 12 grams of 12 C, [1] which made the mass of a mole of a compound expressed in grams, numerically equal to the average molecular mass or formula mass of the compound expressed in daltons.

  3. Equivalent weight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_weight

    The equivalent weight of an element is the mass which combines with or displaces 1.008 gram of hydrogen or 8.0 grams of oxygen or 35.5 grams of chlorine. The equivalent weight of an element is the mass of a mole of the element divided by the element's valence. That is, in grams, the atomic weight of the element divided by the usual valence. [2]

  4. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    The molar ratio allows for conversion between moles of one substance and moles of another. For example, in the reaction 2 CH 3 OH + 3 O 2 → 2 CO 2 + 4 H 2 O. the amount of water that will be produced by the combustion of 0.27 moles of CH 3 OH is obtained using the molar ratio between CH 3 OH and H 2 O of 2 to 4.

  5. Molar mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass

    Thus, for example, the average mass of a molecule of water is about 18.0153 daltons, and the molar mass of water is about 18.0153 g/mol. For chemical elements without isolated molecules, such as carbon and metals, the molar mass is computed dividing by the number of moles of atoms instead.

  6. Equivalent (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_(chemistry)

    The "hydrogen ion" and the "electron" in these examples are respectively called the "reaction units." By this definition, the number of equivalents of a given ion in a solution is equal to the number of moles of that ion multiplied by its valence. For example, consider a solution of 1 mole of NaCl and 1 mole of CaCl 2.

  7. Orders of magnitude (mass) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(mass)

    An overview of ranges of mass. To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10 −67 kg and 10 52 kg. The least massive thing listed here is a graviton, and the most massive thing is the observable universe.

  8. Alternative approaches to redefining the kilogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_approaches_to...

    The mole is currently defined as "the quantity of entities (elementary particles like atoms or molecules) equal to the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon‑12". Thus, the current definition of the mole requires that ⁠ 1000 / 12 ⁠ moles (⁠83 + 1 / 3 ⁠ mol) of 12 C has a mass of precisely one kilogram.

  9. Gram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram

    The gram (originally gramme; [1] SI unit symbol g) is a unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one thousandth of a kilogram.. Originally defined as of 1795 as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre [1 cm 3], and at the temperature of melting ice", [2] the defining temperature (≈0 °C) was later changed to 4 ...