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A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [1][2] Much of this often happens within a spatial database; however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [1] In a broader sense, one may consider such a system ...
In the first part of the book, Chapters 1 and 2 covers the geoid, the geographic coordinate system of latitudes and longitudes, and the measurement of distance and location. Chapter 3 concerns data structures for geographic information systems, data formatting based on raster graphics and vector graphics, methods for buffer analysis, and its ...
A Classification of Geographical Information Systems Literature and Applications Ian Bracken, Gary Higgs, David Martin & Chris Webster 1989 [2] 53 An Introduction to Market Analysis John R. Beaumont 1991 ISBN 1-872464-03-3 [2] 54 Multi-Level Models for Geographical Research Kelvyn Jones: 1991 ISBN 1-872464-04-1 [2] 55
Mark Monmonier (born 1943) – cartographic theorist who wrote numerous books contributing to geographic information systems; Michael Frank Goodchild (born 1944) – GIS scholar and winner of the RGS founder's medal in 2003; Richard J. Chorley (1927–2002) - played an instrumental role in bringing in the use of systems theory to geography. [27]
Geographic information science (GIScience, GISc) or geoinformation science is a scientific discipline at the crossroads of computational science, social science, and natural science that studies geographic information, including how it represents phenomena in the real world, how it represents the way humans understand the world, and how it can be captured, organized, and analyzed.
Geoinformatics. Geoinformatics is a scientific field primarily within the domains of Computer Science and technical geography. [1][2] It focuses on the programming of applications, spatial data structures, and the analysis of objects and space-time phenomena related to the surface and underneath of Earth and other celestial bodies.