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The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene (monogenic) or multiple genes (polygenic) or by a chromosome abnormality. Although polygenic disorders are the most common, the term is mostly used when discussing disorders with a single genetic cause ...
The most common cause (about 92–95% of cases) is a complete extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in trisomy 21. [ 91 ] [ 96 ] In 1–2.5% of cases, some of the cells in the body are normal and others have trisomy 21, known as mosaic Down syndrome.
The most common X-linked recessive disorders are: [7] Red–green color blindness, also known as daltonism, [8] which affects roughly 7% to 10% of men and 0.49% to 1% of women. Its relative benignity may explain its commonness. Hemophilia A, a blood clotting disorder caused by a mutation of the Factor VIII gene and leading to a deficiency of ...
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited. [2] The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. [2] It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [2] This leads to a rigid, sickle -like shape under ...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) Congenital hyperinsulinism. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) Conjoined twins. Costello syndrome.