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Texture mapping. Mapping a two-dimensional texture onto a 3D model. 1: 3D model without textures 2: Same model with textures. Texture mapping[ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] is a method for mapping a texture on a computer-generated graphic. "Texture" in this context can be high frequency detail, surface texture, or color.
In computer graphics, relief mapping is a texture mapping technique first introduced in 2000 [1] used to render the surface details of three-dimensional objects accurately and efficiently. [2] It can produce accurate depictions of self-occlusion, self-shadowing, and parallax. [3] It is a form of short-distance ray tracing done in a pixel shader.
In 3D computer graphics, normal mapping, or Dot3 bump mapping, is a texture mapping technique used for faking the lighting of bumps and dents – an implementation of bump mapping. It is used to add details without using more polygons. [1] A common use of this technique is to greatly enhance the appearance and details of a low polygon model by ...
Displacement mapping is an alternative computer graphics technique in contrast to bump, normal, and parallax mapping, using a texture or height map to cause an effect where the actual geometric position of points over the textured surface are displaced, often along the local surface normal, according to the value the texture function evaluates to at each point on the surface. [1]
The ambient occlusion map (middle image) for this scene darkens only the innermost angles of corners. In 3D computer graphics, modeling, and animation, ambient occlusion is a shading and rendering technique used to calculate how exposed each point in a scene is to ambient lighting. For example, the interior of a tube is typically more occluded ...
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface. [ 1 ] The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal in the plane formed by ...
Bump mapping[1] is a texture mapping technique in computer graphics for simulating bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object. This is achieved by perturbing the surface normals of the object and using the perturbed normal during lighting calculations. The result is an apparently bumpy surface rather than a smooth surface, although the ...
The UV mapping process involves assigning pixels in the image to surface mappings on the polygon, usually done by "programmatically" copying a triangular piece of the image map and pasting it onto a triangle on the object. [2] UV texturing is an alternative to projection mapping (e.g., using any pair of the model's X, Y, Z coordinates or any ...