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  2. Symbols of Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_of_Europe

    Symbols of Europe. A number of symbols of Europe have emerged since antiquity, notably the mythological figure of Europa. Several symbols were introduced in the 1950s and 1960s by the European Council. The European Communities created additional symbols for itself in 1985, which was to become inherited by the European Union (EU) in 1993.

  3. Rise of nationalism in Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_Europe

    The rise of nationalism in Europe was stimulated by the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. [1][2] American political science professor Leon Baradat has argued that “nationalism calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state – a nation-state – to support those interests

  4. Scottish nationalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_nationalism

    Scottish nationalism promotes the idea that the Scottish people form a cohesive nation and national identity. Scottish nationalism began to shape from 1853 with the National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights , progressing into the Scottish National Movement in the 1920s [ 1 ] maturing by the 1970s [ 2 ] and achieved present ...

  5. Marianne - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne

    Bust of Marianne sculpted by Théodore Doriot, in the French Senate. Marianne (pronounced [maŹjan]) has been the national personification of the French Republic since the French Revolution, as a personification of liberty, equality, fraternity and reason, as well as a portrayal of the Goddess of Liberty. Marianne is displayed in many places in ...

  6. Scottish national identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_national_identity

    Scottish national identity is a term referring to the sense of national identity, as embodied in the shared and characteristic culture, languages and traditions, [ 1 ] of the Scottish people. Although the various languages of Gaelic, the Scots and Scottish English are distinctive, people associate them all together as Scottish with a shared ...

  7. Nationalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism

    Nationalism is an idea or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. [1][2] As a movement, it presupposes the existence [3] and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, [4] especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining its sovereignty (self-governance) over its perceived homeland to create a ...

  8. Nationalist historiography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_historiography

    Nationalist historiography. Historiography is the study of how history is written. One pervasive influence upon the writing of history has been nationalism, a set of beliefs about political legitimacy and cultural identity. Nationalism has provided a significant framework for historical writing in Europe and in those former colonies influenced ...

  9. Carlton J. H. Hayes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_J._H._Hayes

    World War I. Carlton Joseph Huntley Hayes (May 16, 1882 – September 2, 1964) was an American historian, educator, diplomat, devout Catholic and academic. A student of European history, he was a leading and pioneering specialist on the study of nationalism. He was elected as president of the American Historical Association over the opposition ...

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