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It includes removal of a tooth from the patient or a donor. [2] After removal, a longitudinal lamina is cut from the tooth and a hole is drilled perpendicular to the lamina. The hole is then fitted with a cylindrical lens. The lamina is grown in the patients' cheek for a period of months and then is implanted upon the eye.
[108] [109] By the beginning of the 20th century, the standard surgical procedure was intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE). [7] In 1949, Harold Ridley introduced the concept of implantation of the intraocular lens (IOL) which made visual rehabilitation after cataract surgery a more efficient, effective, and comfortable process. [107]
A cataract is an opacification or cloudiness of the eye's crystalline lens due to aging, disease, or trauma that typically prevents light from forming a clear image on the retina. If visual loss is significant, surgical removal of the lens may be warranted, with lost optical power usually replaced with a plastic intraocular lens. Owing to the ...
An immature cataract has some transparent protein, but with a mature cataract, all the lens protein is opaque. In a hypermature or Morgagnian cataract, the lens proteins have become liquid. Congenital cataract, which may be detected in adulthood, has a different classification and includes lamellar, polar, and sutural cataracts. [44] [45]
In America, cataract couching may have been performed in 1611, [30] while cataract extraction was most likely performed by 1776. [31] Cataract extraction by aspiration of lens material through a tube using suction was performed by Philadelphia-based surgeon Philip Syng Physick in 1815. [32]
The cataract is removed from the capsule and anterior chamber using hydroexpression [Note 3] viscoexpression, [Note 4] or more-direct mechanical methods. [4] [13] [14] The extraction of the cataract must be done with due care so as not to compromise the integrity of the tunnel; the endothelium and capsule are also vulnerable to injury.
Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery method in which the internal lens of the eye which has developed a cataract is emulsified with the tip of an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution to maintain the volume of the anterior chamber during the procedure.
Months or years after the cataract operation, the remaining posterior lens capsule can become opaque and vision will be reduced in about 20–25% of eyes. [4] This is known as posterior capsule opacification (PCO).