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Dealing with bullying and harassment: a guide for students (PDF). Royal College of Nursing. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2012; Stelmaschuk, Stephanie (2010). Workplace Bullying and Emotional Exhaustion among Registered Nurses and Non-nursing, Unit-based Staff (Bachelor's thesis). Ohio State University College of Nursing.
Marlene F. Kramer was an American nurse, educator and author. She wrote a 1974 book, Reality Shock: Why Nurses Leave Nursing, which examined burnout in the nursing profession. Her book has been widely cited in subsequent studies on retention and satisfaction within nursing.
Research suggests that burnout can manifest differently between genders, with higher levels of depersonalisation among men and increased emotional exhaustion among women. [ 153 ] [ 154 ] Other research suggests that people revealing a history of occupational burnout face future hiring discrimination.
The American Society of Critical Care Medicine is a well-established multi professional society for practitioners working in the ICU including nurses, respiratory therapists, and physicians. Intensive care physicians have some of the highest percentages of physician burnout among all medical specialties, at 48 percent. [28]
The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is a psychological assessment instrument comprising 22 symptom items pertaining to occupational burnout. [1] The original form of the MBI was developed by Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson with the goal of assessing an individual's experience of burnout. [ 2 ]
Burnout was another major contributor to these professionals who had a higher risk of suffering from Compassion Fatigue. Burnout is a prevalent and critical contemporary problem that can be categorized as suffering from emotional exhaustion, de-personalization, and a low sense of personal accomplishment. [44]
For decades, most of the job growth in America has been in low-wage, low-skilled, temporary and short-term jobs. The United States simply produces fewer and fewer of the kinds of jobs our parents had. This explains why the rates of “under-employment” among high school and college grads were rising steadily long before the recession.
In 2005, registered nurses worked an estimated 18 million hours of overtime—both paid and unpaid, representing the "equivalent of 10,054 full-time positions". [37] The nursing force had among the highest rates of "burnout, injury and illness."