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Drive reduction theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, is a major theory of motivation in the behaviorist learning theory tradition. [1] "Drive" is defined as motivation that arises due to a psychological or physiological need. [2] It works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual to sate the drive. [3]
In psychology, a drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine [1] is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives. A drive is an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behavior of an individual; [ 2 ] an "excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbance".
These were drive, cue, response and reward and were based on Hull's drive reduction theory of learning. [19] They used a similar construct to Hull's theory, however, they proposed that any strong stimulus could have motivating or drive properties without essentially being tied to the need of that particular organism. [ 20 ]
Purposive behaviorism is a branch of psychology that was introduced by Edward Tolman. It combines the study of behavior while also considering the purpose or goal of behavior. [ 1 ] Tolman thought that learning developed from knowledge about the environment and how the organism relates to its environment. [ 2 ]
The Szondi test is a 1935 nonverbal projective personality test developed by Léopold Szondi. [1] [2] He theorized people's decisions are determined by genetically coded preferences ("drives") that untimately shape their entire life ("fate"/"destiny"), and these unconscious preferences can be uncovered through the subject's attraction to photographs of similar individuals.
I also would like add the following sentence at the beginning of the article. The current article does not credit Clark Hull with developing the Drive Reduction Theory. Drive Reduction Theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, was the first theory for motivation (Dewey, 2007). Reference: Dewey, R. (2007). Psychology: An introduction.
One example is which option is more attractive between option A ($1,500 with a probability of 33%, $1,400 with a probability of 66%, and $0 with a probability of 1%) and option B (a guaranteed $920). Prospect theory and loss aversion suggests that most people would choose option B as they prefer the guaranteed $920 since there is a probability ...
In social science, force-field analysis provides a framework for looking at the factors ("forces") that influence a situation, originally social situations. It looks at forces that are either driving the movement toward a goal (helping forces) or blocking movement toward a goal (hindering forces).