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A general name for this class of material is biological materials. Biomolecules are an important element of living organisms. Biomolecules are an important element of living organisms. They are often endogenous , [ 2 ] i.e. produced within the organism, [ 3 ] but organisms usually also need exogenous biomolecules, for example certain nutrients ...
Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function.The structure of these molecules may be considered at any of several length scales ranging from the level of individual atoms to the relationships among entire protein subunits.
Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses. [1] They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [1] A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism.
Short proteins can be synthesized chemically by a family of peptide synthesis methods. These rely on organic synthesis techniques such as chemical ligation to produce peptides in high yield. [ 50 ] Chemical synthesis allows for the introduction of non-natural amino acids into polypeptide chains, such as attachment of fluorescent probes to amino ...
Thiamine (vitamin B 1) – C 12 H 17 ClN 4 OS·HCl; Threonine; Thrombopoietin; Thromboxane; Thymidine; Thymine; Transfer RNA (tRNA) Triacsin C; Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Thyroxine (T4) Tocopherol ; Topoisomerase; Triiodothyronine (T3) Transmembrane receptor; Trichostatin A; Trophic hormone; Trypsin ...
Molecular biology / m ə ˈ l ɛ k j ʊ l ər / is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
A molecule that binds to a receptor is called a ligand and can be a protein, peptide (short protein), or another small molecule, such as a neurotransmitter, hormone, pharmaceutical drug, toxin, calcium ion or parts of the outside of a virus or microbe. An endogenously produced substance that binds to a particular receptor is referred to as its ...