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  2. Binary logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_logarithm

    An easy way to calculate log 2 n on calculators that do not have a log 2 function is to use the natural logarithm (ln) or the common logarithm (log or log 10) functions, which are found on most scientific calculators. To change the logarithm base to 2 from e, 10, or any other base b, one can use the formulae: [50] [53]

  3. List of logarithmic identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logarithmic_identities

    The identities of logarithms can be used to approximate large numbers. Note that log b (a) + log b (c) = log b (ac), where a, b, and c are arbitrary constants. Suppose that one wants to approximate the 44th Mersenne prime, 2 32,582,657 −1. To get the base-10 logarithm, we would multiply 32,582,657 by log 10 (2), getting 9,808,357.09543 ...

  4. Logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

    In mathematics, the logarithm of a number is the exponent by which another fixed value, the base, must be raised to produce that number.For example, the logarithm of 1000 to base 10 is 3, because 1000 is 10 to the 3 rd power: 1000 = 10 3 = 10 × 10 × 10.

  5. Natural logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm

    The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant e, which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to 2.718 281 828 459. [1] The natural logarithm of x is generally written as ln x, log e x, or sometimes, if the base e is implicit, simply log x.

  6. Common logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_logarithm

    The logarithm keys (log for base-10 and ln for base-e) on a typical scientific calculator. The advent of hand-held calculators largely eliminated the use of common logarithms as an aid to computation. The numerical value for logarithm to the base 10 can be calculated with the following identities: [5]

  7. Logarithmic number system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_number_system

    [2] A similar LNS named "signed logarithmic number system" (SLNS) was described in 1975 by Earl Swartzlander and Aristides Alexopoulos; rather than use two's complement notation for the logarithms, they offset them (scale the numbers being represented) to avoid negative logs. [3]

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  9. Level (logarithmic quantity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(logarithmic_quantity)

    F 0 is the reference value of F. If the power quantity P is proportional to F 2, and if the reference value of the power quantity, P 0, is in the same proportion to F 0 2, the levels L F and L P are equal. The neper, bel, and decibel (one tenth of a bel) are units of level that are often applied to such quantities as power, intensity, or gain. [6]