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The view that there is a dominance hierarchy among humans consisting of "alpha males" and "beta males" is sometimes reported in the mainstream media. The term alpha male is often applied to any dominating man, especially bullies , [ 10 ] despite the fact that dominating behavior is rarely seen as a positive trait for either an ideal date or a ...
Males are usually stronger than females when adjusting for differences in total body mass, due to the higher male muscle-mass to body-mass ratio. [ 8 ] [ 27 ] The greater muscle mass is reported to be due to a greater capacity for muscular hypertrophy as a result of higher levels of circulating testosterone in males.
In males, normal aging causes a decrease in androgens, which is sometimes called "male menopause" (also known by the coinage "manopause"), late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), and "andropause" or androgen decline in the aging male (ADAM), among other names. It is a symptom of hereditary hemochromatosis [5]
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Menopause and perimenopause are coming in every woman’s life, but I was caught unaware, thanks to the paucity of medical training, scientific studies and woman-to-woman discourse about it all ...
The young female preference hypothesis proposes that changes in male preferences for younger mates allowed late-age acting fertility mutations to accumulate in females without any evolutionary penalty, giving rise to menopause. A computer model was constructed to test this hypothesis, and showed that it was feasible. [13]
Two different genes, each with five exons and four introns, designated as SRD5A1 and SDR5A2, encode two different 5α-reductases. The human 5α-reductase-2 gene (SRD5A2) is located on the short arm of chromosome 2 at band 23 and encodes a 254 amino acid protein, called 5α-reductase type 2.
There are two different forms of the estrogen receptor, usually referred to as α and β, each encoded by a separate gene (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively).Hormone-activated estrogen receptors form dimers, and, since the two forms are coexpressed in many cell types, the receptors may form ERα (αα) or ERβ (ββ) homodimers or ERαβ (αβ) heterodimers. [3]