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English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The judiciary is independent , and legal principles like fairness , equality before the law , and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Thus, common law is declaratory, and this is often retrospective in effect. For example, see Shaw v DPP [1] and R v Knuller. [2] In the search for justice and fairness, there is a tension between the needs for, on one hand, predictability and stability, and "up-to date law", on the other. [3] There is a hierarchy of courts, and a hierarchy of ...
Ealdred v High Sheriff of Yorkshire (c.1068); Wulfstan v Thomas (1070) [1] [2]; R v Roger de Breteuil; Trial of Penenden Heath (1071) [3] [4] regarded by some commentators as "one of the most important events in the early history of English Law because of the light it sheds on the relationship between Norman Law and English Law" with the trial being a possible indication of Norman respect for ...
Based on Irish law before 1921, in turn, based on English common law. Palau: Based on law of the United States. Pakistan: Based on English common law, with some provisions of Islamic law. [33] Papua New Guinea: Based on English common law and customary laws of its more than 750 different cultural and language groups. Saint Kitts and Nevis
Reception statutes generally consider the English common law dating prior to independence, and the precedent originating from it, as the default law, because of the importance of using an extensive and predictable body of law to govern the conduct of citizens and businesses in a new state.
The Institutes of the Lawes of England are a series of legal treatises written by Sir Edward Coke.They were first published, in stages, between 1628 and 1644. [1] Widely recognized as a foundational document of the common law, they have been cited in over 70 cases decided by the Supreme Court of the United States, [2] including several landmark cases.
Civil law may, like criminal law, be divided into substantive law and procedural law. [5] The rights and duties of persons (natural persons and legal persons) amongst themselves is the primary concern of civil law. [6] [7] The common law is today as fertile a source for theoretical inquiry as it has ever been. Around the English-speaking world ...
Public interest immunity (PII), previously known as Crown privilege, is a principle of English common law under which the English courts can grant a court order allowing one litigant to refrain from disclosing evidence to the other litigants where disclosure would be damaging to the public interest. This is an exception to the usual rule that ...